Kayasthi/kaithi Language
Kaithi Language :- ๐
(By United Kayastha)
Kayasthi, ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ
Kaithi, also called "Kayathi" or "Kayasthi", is a historical Brahmic script that was used widely in parts of Northern and Eastern India, primarily in the present-day states of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar. In particular, it was used for writing legal, administrative and private records.It was used for a variety of Indo-Aryan languages, including Angika, Bajjika, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Hindustani, Magahi, Maithili, and Nagpuri. Kaithi was originated from Kayastha group (caste) of India.๐
Etymology:-๐งก
Kaithi script derives its name from the word Kayastha, a social group of India that traditionally consists of administrators and accountants.The Kayastha community was closely associated with the princely courts and British colonial governments of North India and were employed by them to write and maintain records of revenue transactions, legal documents and title deeds; general correspondence and proceedings of the royal courts and related bodies.The script used by them acquired the name Kaithi.✍️
History about kaithi:-๐
Documents in Kaithi are traceable to at least the 16th century. The script was widely used during the Mughal period. In the 1880s, during the British Raj, the script was recognised as the official script of the law courts of Bihar. Kaithi was the most widely used script of North India west of Bengal. In 1854, 77,368 school primers were in Kaithi script, as compared to 25,151 in Devanagari and 24,302 in Mahajani.[4] Among the three scripts widely used in the 'Hindi Belt', Kaithi was widely perceived to be neutral, as it was used by both Hindus and Muslims alike for day-to-day correspondence, financial and administrative activities, while Devanagari was used by Hindus and Persian script by Muslims for religious literature and education. This made Kaithi increasingly unfavorable to the more conservative and religiously inclined members of society who insisted on Devanagari-based and Persian-based transcription of Hindi dialects. As a result of their influence and due to the wide availability of Devanagari type as opposed to the incredibly large variability of Kaithi, Devanagari was promoted, particularly in the Northwest Provinces, which covers present-day Uttar Pradesh.[5] Kaithi was also nicknamed "Shikasta Nagari" by analogy with Shikasta Nastaliq, because the relationship of Kaithi to Devanagari was perceived as akin to the relationship between the widely used dot-less Shikasta Nastaliq of the time and the more formal printed Nastaliq scripts, which used dotted letters and fuller, less abbreviated letter forms.
In the late 19th century, John Nesfield in Oudh, George Campbell of Inverneill in Bihar and a committee in Bengal all advocated for the use of Kaithi script in education.[6] Many legal documents were written in Kaithi, and from 1950 to 1954 it was the official legal script of Bihar district courts. However, it was opposed by Brahmin elites and phased out. Present day Bihar courts struggle to read old Kaithi documents.
Unicode :-๐งก
Kaithi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Kaithi is U+11080–U+110CF:
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More about kaithi language:-๐งก✍️
Kaithi was the traditional script of the Bhojpuri and Magahi languages, and the popular script of the Awadhi and Maithili languages. These languages are now written largely in Devanagari. Kaithi was also used to write Urdu, which is now written in the Perso-Arabic script.
Several sources refer to Kaithi as the script of the Bihari language. This is misleading since there is no such language. Bihari is a subdivision of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages but the languages in this group are not spoken exclusively in the state of Bihar. Many of the languages classed as Bihari have been written in the Kaithi script at some point in their history.
Kaithi was used alongside Devanagari for writing Awadhi, which is spoken predominantly in Uttar Pradesh but also in Nepal, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar. It is also the traditional script for Bhojpuri, which is spoken primarily in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, as well as in Nepal. Bhojpuri-speaking ex-pat communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Suriname and Fiji also use the Kaithi script. The Maithili language is spoken in Bihar and Nepal and was previously written in the Kaithi and the Mithila scripts, depending on the caste of the person writing. Kaithi was used for writing Bengali on the border of Bihar and Bengal, and for the Marwari language on the Western periphery in Rajasthan. Magahi, spoken in Bihar and West Bengal, was traditionally written in Kaithi. These languages began to be written in the Devanagari script in the early 1900s and Kaithi is now used rarely, if at all, and only in informal contexts such as personal communication.
Kaithi was also used in the law courts of Bihar for writing the Urdu language, which is now written in the Perso-Arabic script. The majority of extant legal documents from Bihar from the British period are in Urdu written in Kaithi.
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